{"id":5918,"date":"2026-02-19T12:59:31","date_gmt":"2026-02-19T12:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/?page_id=5918"},"modified":"2026-03-12T12:16:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T12:16:31","slug":"3dp-formwork-3d-printed-formwork-to-foster-sustainable-construction-of-concrete-structures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/en\/3dp-formwork-3d-printed-formwork-to-foster-sustainable-construction-of-concrete-structures\/","title":{"rendered":"3DP-Formwork: 3D printed formwork to foster sustainable construction of concrete structures"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"n2_clear\"><ss3-force-full-width data-overflow-x=\"body\" data-horizontal-selector=\"body\"><div class=\"n2-section-smartslider fitvidsignore  n2_clear\" data-ssid=\"73\"><div id=\"n2-ss-73-align\" class=\"n2-ss-align\"><div class=\"n2-padding\"><div id=\"n2-ss-73\" data-creator=\"Smart Slider 3\" data-responsive=\"fullwidth\" class=\"n2-ss-slider n2-ow n2-has-hover n2notransition  \">\n        <div class=\"n2-ss-slider-1 n2_ss__touch_element n2-ow\">\n            <div class=\"n2-ss-slider-2 n2-ow\">\n                                                <div class=\"n2-ss-slider-3 n2-ow\">\n\n                    <div class=\"n2-ss-slide-backgrounds n2-ow-all\"><div class=\"n2-ss-slide-background\" data-public-id=\"1\" data-mode=\"fill\"><div class=\"n2-ss-slide-background-image\" data-blur=\"0\" data-opacity=\"100\" data-x=\"52\" data-y=\"41\" data-alt=\"\" data-title=\"\" style=\"--ss-o-pos-x:52%;--ss-o-pos-y:41%\"><picture class=\"skip-lazy\" data-skip-lazy=\"1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/3DP-Formwork_IMG_9994.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"skip-lazy\" data-skip-lazy=\"1\"><\/picture><\/div><div data-color=\"RGBA(255,255,255,0)\" style=\"background-color: RGBA(255,255,255,0);\" class=\"n2-ss-slide-background-color\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>                    <div class=\"n2-ss-slider-4 n2-ow\">\n                        <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 200\" data-related-device=\"desktopPortrait\" class=\"n2-ow n2-ss-preserve-size n2-ss-preserve-size--slider n2-ss-slide-limiter\"><\/svg><div data-first=\"1\" data-slide-duration=\"0\" data-id=\"123\" data-slide-public-id=\"1\" data-title=\"3DP-Formwork_IMG_9994\" class=\"n2-ss-slide n2-ow  n2-ss-slide-123\"><div role=\"note\" class=\"n2-ss-slide--focus\" tabindex=\"-1\">3DP-Formwork_IMG_9994<\/div><div class=\"n2-ss-layers-container n2-ss-slide-limiter n2-ow\"><div class=\"n2-ss-layer n2-ow n-uc-yfqwbEOhQV9I\" data-sstype=\"slide\" data-pm=\"default\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>                    <\/div>\n\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <\/div><ss3-loader><\/ss3-loader><\/div><\/div><div class=\"n2_clear\"><\/div><\/div><\/ss3-force-full-width><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-vivid-red-color has-text-color\"><strong>3DP-Formwork: 3D printed formwork to foster sustainable construction of concrete structures<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:250px\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Principal&nbsp;researcher<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jos\u00e9 Luis Bonet Senach<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pedro Francisco Miguel Sosa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Team members<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Miguel \u00c1ngel Fern\u00e1ndez Prada<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Ram\u00f3n Albiol Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lisbel Rueda Garc\u00eda<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alberto Garc\u00eda C\u00e1rcel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jos\u00e9 Guillermo Mu\u00f1oz Montes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lino J. Mart\u00ednez Todol\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Funding Agency<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-02-18-134222-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5905\" style=\"width:181px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-02-18-134222-2.png 780w, https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-02-18-134222-2-300x82.png 300w, https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Captura-de-pantalla-2026-02-18-134222-2-768x209.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Duration<\/strong>: 01\/09\/2025 &#8211; 31\/08\/2028<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reference<\/strong>: PID2024-156847OB-I00&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"558\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formwork-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5919\" style=\"width:664px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formwork-1.jpg 558w, https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/formwork-1-233x300.jpg 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:45px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concrete is <strong>the most widely used material in the world<\/strong> and one of the most sustainable in construction. However, it accounts for about <strong>8% of greenhouse gas emissions <\/strong>worldwide. The adoption of<strong> efficient methods <\/strong>in construction is one of the leading research objectives in civil engineering, architecture and materials science.<strong> 3D printing<\/strong> has emerged as an alternative to conventional construction that could help reduce the resource consumption of processes and products, streamline manufacturing processes and <strong>make products more sustainable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Formwork manufacturing<\/strong> accounts for a large part of the total costs of constructing a concrete element, especially when its shape is not standard. Although concrete can theoretically be<strong> cast in any shape<\/strong>, standard<strong> orthogonal structures <\/strong>are the most common in practice. These structures use formwork based on<strong> modular, standardised and reusable panels<\/strong>, which are easier to manufacture, transport, install and reuse. Using these formworks results in<strong> oversized designs<\/strong>, producing the paradox of <strong>using more materials to reduce costs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3D printing of formwork (3DPF)<\/strong> allows <strong>freedom of form <\/strong>for concrete structures. The use of this technology makes it possible to<strong> improve precision and final appearance, reduce the consumption of resources<\/strong>, contribute to the <strong>reduction of greenhouse gas emissions<\/strong>, reduce energy consumption and waste, and<strong> automate manufacturing processes<\/strong>. Today, the potential of using <strong>3DPF in concrete structures <\/strong>has been demonstrated. However,<strong> no standards or guidelines exist <\/strong>for applying 3D printing technology to concrete structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using <strong>3DPF by polymer extrusion<\/strong> in concrete structures allows<strong> freedom of shape<\/strong> of the element, as well as an improvement in <strong>precision and final appearance<\/strong>. However, the limited number of tests available, in addition to the<strong> small size of the specimens tested<\/strong>, limits the assessment of the<strong> functional and\/or structural capacity <\/strong>of these 3DPFs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The use of<strong> 3DPF by concrete extrusion<\/strong> has been demonstrated, especially in<strong> columns and post-tensioned segmental beams.<\/strong> Currently, the number of tests is limited and focused on the simple<strong> compression behaviour of columns<\/strong> and the flexural behaviour <strong>of post-tensioned segmental beams<\/strong>. This <strong>experimental gap <\/strong>limits the<strong> validation of this technology <\/strong>and the development of methods, recommendations and guidelines for use in 3D printing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The project&#8217;s overall objective is<\/strong> to study the <strong>behaviour of concrete structures with permanent 3D printed formworks<\/strong> to assess their structural and\/or functional contribution, promote their use, and move towards a more sustainable construction industry. This project explores different 3DPF solutions for beams and columns by polymer extrusion and concrete extrusion. This study aims to contribute to the development of calculation methods, recommendations and guidelines for use, and a future regulatory framework.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3DP-Formwork: 3D printed formwork to foster sustainable construction of concrete structures Principal&nbsp;researcher: Jos\u00e9 Luis Bonet Senach Pedro Francisco Miguel Sosa Team members: Funding Agency: Duration: 01\/09\/2025 &#8211; 31\/08\/2028 Reference: PID2024-156847OB-I00&nbsp; Abstract Concrete is the most widely used material in the world and one of the most sustainable in construction. However, it accounts for about 8%&hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/en\/3dp-formwork-3d-printed-formwork-to-foster-sustainable-construction-of-concrete-structures\/\" class=\"themebutton\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5919,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5918","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5918"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5918\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icitech.webs.upv.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}